Saturday 24 June 2023

The Role of Cooperative Movement in Fostering Sustainable Development

June 24, 2023 0

 


Cooperative movements play a vital role in fostering sustainable development by embracing the principles of cooperation and actively working towards economic, social, and environmental well-being. This article aims to explore the significance of cooperative movements in promoting sustainable development. It will delve into the core principles of cooperation, highlight successful cooperative initiatives from around the world, and shed light on the positive impact they have on local communities and global sustainability goals.

 

Table of Contents

1. Understanding Cooperative Movements

   - Definition and Principles

2. Economic Benefits of Cooperative Movements

   - Empowering Local Economies

   - Creating Employment Opportunities

   - Ensuring Fair Trade and Distribution

3. Social Advantages of Cooperative Movements

   - Empowering Marginalized Communities

   - Fostering Social Inclusion

   - Strengthening Local Relationships

4. Environmental Impact of Cooperative Movements

   - Promoting Sustainable Practices

   - Encouraging Conservation Efforts

   - Reducing Carbon Footprint

5. Successful Cooperative Initiatives Worldwide

   - Case Study 1: Mondragon Corporation

   - Case Study 2: Land O'Lakes Dairy Co-op

   - Case Study 3: Emilia-Romagna Cooperatives

6. Cooperative Movements and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

   - Goal 1: No Poverty

   - Goal 5: Gender Equality

   - Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

   - Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

   - Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

7. Conclusion

8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

   - FAQ 1: How do cooperative movements differ from traditional businesses?

   - FAQ 2: Can anyone become a member of a cooperative?

   - FAQ 3: What are some challenges faced by cooperative movements?

   - FAQ 4: How can cooperative movements contribute to poverty reduction?

 - FAQ 5: Are there any success stories of cooperative movements in developing countries?

 

Understanding Cooperative Movements

Cooperative movements are based on the principles of voluntary association, democratic decision-making, and equitable distribution of benefits. They are formed by individuals or organizations coming together to address common economic, social, or cultural needs. By pooling resources and working collectively, cooperatives aim to achieve mutual goals and improve the overall well-being of their members.

 

Economic Benefits of Cooperative Movements

 

Empowering Local Economies

Cooperative movements empower local economies by promoting grassroots entrepreneurship and reducing dependence on external sources. They provide opportunities for individuals to start businesses, access credit, and develop sustainable livelihoods within their communities. By fostering economic self-reliance, cooperative movements contribute to long-term economic stability and growth.

 

Creating Employment Opportunities

Cooperatives are significant job creators, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, retail, and manufacturing. They offer employment opportunities to individuals who may otherwise face limited prospects in the formal job market. Cooperative enterprises often prioritize fair wages, job security, and safe working conditions, promoting decent work practices.

 

Ensuring Fair Trade and Distribution

Cooperative movements prioritize fair trade practices and equitable distribution of benefits among members. They eliminate intermediaries, allowing producers to receive a fair share of the value generated. By directly connecting producers to consumers, cooperatives promote transparency, reduce exploitation, and ensure a more just distribution of resources.

 

Social Advantages of Cooperative Movements

 

Empowering Marginalized Communities

Cooperative movements empower marginalized communities by providing them with a platform to actively participate in economic activities. They offer opportunities for disadvantaged groups, such as women, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities, to gain economic independence and social recognition. Cooperatives promote inclusivity and strive to bridge social gaps.

 

Fostering Social Inclusion

Cooperative movements foster social inclusion by emphasizing the values of equality, solidarity, and cooperation. They create spaces where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together, share ideas, and collectively address societal challenges. By promoting active citizenship and community engagement, cooperatives contribute to the social fabric of societies.

 

Strengthening Local Relationships

Cooperative movements strengthen local relationships by encouraging collaboration and cooperation among community members. They foster a sense of belonging and collective responsibility, enabling individuals to work together towards common goals. Cooperatives often engage in community development initiatives, supporting local infrastructure, education, healthcare, and cultural activities.

 

Environmental Impact of Cooperative Movements

 

Promoting Sustainable Practices

Cooperative movements actively promote sustainable practices by integrating environmental considerations into their operations. They adopt environmentally friendly production methods, reduce waste and pollution, and strive for resource efficiency. Cooperatives embrace sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and eco-friendly manufacturing processes, contributing to a greener future.

 

Encouraging Conservation Efforts

Cooperative movements play a crucial role in conservation efforts, particularly in sectors such as forestry, fisheries, and biodiversity protection. They implement sustainable resource management practices, ensure responsible harvesting, and actively contribute to the preservation of natural habitats. Cooperatives raise awareness about environmental issues and promote ecological stewardship.

 

Reducing Carbon Footprint

By focusing on local production, cooperative movements reduce transportation distances and associated carbon emissions. They prioritize regional supply chains, promoting the consumption of locally sourced products and minimizing the environmental impact of long-distance transportation. Cooperatives contribute to the fight against climate change by adopting eco-conscious strategies.

 

Successful Cooperative Initiatives Worldwide

 

Case Study 1: Mondragon Corporation

Mondragon Corporation, based in Spain, is one of the world's most renowned cooperative movements. It operates in various sectors, including industry, finance, retail, and knowledge. Mondragon's cooperative model emphasizes democratic decision-making, profit sharing, and social responsibility. The corporation's success showcases the potential of cooperatives in generating economic growth while prioritizing the well-being of workers.

 

Case Study 2: Land O'Lakes Dairy Co-op

Land O'Lakes Dairy Cooperative, located in the United States, is a prominent example of a successful agricultural cooperative. It brings together thousands of dairy farmers, who collectively own the cooperative and benefit from shared resources, marketing support, and research and development initiatives. Land O'Lakes demonstrates how cooperative movements can enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of small-scale farmers.

 

Case Study 3: Emilia-Romagna Cooperatives

The Emilia-Romagna region in Italy is renowned for its cooperative movement, which encompasses a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, services, and social cooperatives. These cooperatives have played a significant role in fostering regional development, creating jobs, and preserving local traditions. The Emilia-Romagna experience highlights the transformative potential of cooperative movements at the regional level.

 

Cooperative Movements and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

 

Cooperative movements align closely with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They contribute to various goals, including:

 

Goal 1: No Poverty - Cooperatives provide opportunities for income generation and poverty reduction, particularly in marginalized communities.

Goal 5: Gender Equality - Cooperatives empower women by promoting their economic participation and leadership roles.

Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth - Cooperatives prioritize fair working conditions, job creation, and inclusive economic growth.

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities - Cooperatives promote community engagement, sustainable urban development, and social cohesion.

 

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production - Cooperatives advocate for sustainable production practices and responsible consumption patterns.

 

Conclusion

 

Cooperative movements are instrumental in fostering sustainable development by embracing the principles of cooperation, equity, and social responsibility. They empower local economies, create employment opportunities, and ensure fair trade and distribution. Moreover, cooperative movements contribute to social inclusion, strengthen community relationships, and have a positive environmental impact. Through successful initiatives worldwide and their alignment with the United Nations SDGs, cooperatives demonstrate their significant role in shaping a more sustainable future for all.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

 

FAQ 1: How do cooperative movements differ from traditional businesses?

Cooperative movements differ from traditional businesses in their democratic decision-making structure and focus on equitable distribution of benefits. In cooperatives, members have an equal say in decision-making processes, regardless of their investment or ownership stake.

 

FAQ 2: Can anyone become a member of a cooperative?

Yes, in most cases, anyone can become a member of a cooperative by fulfilling the membership criteria set by the cooperative. These criteria may vary depending on the type of cooperative and its specific rules.

 

FAQ 3: What are some challenges faced by cooperative movements?

Some challenges faced by cooperative movements include limited access to capital, regulatory hurdles, governance issues, and sustaining member participation and engagement. Overcoming these challenges requires strong leadership, effective management, and continuous support from stakeholders.

 

FAQ 4: How can cooperative movements contribute to poverty reduction?

Cooperative movements contribute to poverty reduction by providing marginalized communities with access to economic opportunities, resources, and support. They enable individuals to create sustainable livelihoods, gain financial independence, and improve their overall well-being.

 

FAQ 5: Are there any success stories of cooperative movements in developing countries?

Yes, there are numerous success stories of cooperative movements in developing countries. For example, the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh has empowered millions of individuals through microcredit and financial services. Additionally, the Kerala Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation in India has transformed the lives of dairy farmers and improved rural livelihoods.

Friday 23 June 2023

International Cooperative Alliance: Advancing Global Collaboration

June 23, 2023 0

 

Outline:

1. Understanding the International Cooperative Alliance

2. History and Evolution of the International Cooperative Alliance

3. Key Principles and Values of Cooperative Movements

4. Achievements and Impact of the International Cooperative Alliance

5. Global Initiatives and Programs by the International Cooperative Alliance

6. Sector-specific Cooperatives and their Role

7. Challenges and Opportunities for Cooperative Movements

8. Future Prospects and Sustainable Development Goals

9. Conclusion

10. FAQs

 

The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) plays a pivotal role in promoting collaboration and fostering sustainable development across the globe. This article explores the history, principles, achievements, challenges, and future prospects of the ICA, highlighting its impact on various sectors and its contribution to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

Understanding the International Cooperative Alliance

The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) is an umbrella organization that represents cooperative movements worldwide. It was founded in 1895 and has since been working tirelessly to promote the cooperative model of enterprise and enhance its socioeconomic impact. With a mission to unite, promote, and advance the cooperative movement globally, the ICA plays a crucial role in fostering economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

 

History and Evolution of the International Cooperative Alliance

The ICA's history can be traced back to the late 19th century when cooperative movements began to emerge as a response to the social and economic challenges faced by communities. The Alliance was established to provide a platform for cooperation among diverse cooperative organizations and facilitate knowledge-sharing and collaboration. Over the years, the ICA has grown in size and influence, with membership spanning various sectors, including agriculture, finance, consumer, and worker cooperatives.

 

Key Principles and Values of Cooperative Movements

Cooperative movements operate based on a set of shared principles and values, which include voluntary and open membership, democratic control, economic participation, autonomy, education, and concern for the community. These principles ensure that cooperatives prioritize the well-being of their members, promote equality, and contribute to sustainable development. By adhering to these values, cooperative enterprises strive to create a more inclusive and equitable society.

 

Achievements and Impact of the International Cooperative Alliance

The ICA has made significant contributions to socioeconomic development worldwide. It has played a vital role in poverty reduction, job creation, and improving livelihoods. Through its initiatives, the ICA has facilitated access to essential services, such as healthcare, education, and financial services, for marginalized communities. Additionally, the ICA has been instrumental in empowering women, promoting gender equality, and advancing social justice through cooperative enterprises.

 

Global Initiatives and Programs by the International Cooperative Alliance

The ICA operates through various programs and initiatives that aim to strengthen cooperative movements across sectors and regions. It supports capacity building, knowledge exchange, and advocacy efforts to create an enabling environment for cooperatives to thrive. The Alliance also collaborates with governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders to promote policy reforms and foster cooperative-friendly regulations. Through its global campaigns, such as the International Day of Cooperatives, the ICA raises awareness about the vital role of cooperatives in sustainable development.

 

Sector-specific Cooperatives and their Role

Cooperative enterprises exist in diverse sectors, each playing a unique role in addressing specific challenges and opportunities. Agriculture cooperatives enable small-scale farmers to pool resources, share knowledge, and collectively access markets, enhancing their bargaining power.

Financial cooperatives, such as credit unions, provide affordable financial services to underserved populations. Consumer cooperatives offer members access to quality products at reasonable prices. Worker cooperatives empower employees by giving them ownership and decision-making rights in the workplace. These sector-specific cooperatives contribute to the overall resilience and sustainability of economies.

 

Challenges and Opportunities for Cooperative Movements

Despite their numerous achievements, cooperative movements face several challenges. Limited access to capital, inadequate legal frameworks, and insufficient awareness about the cooperative model hinder their growth. Additionally, cooperatives must adapt to emerging trends, such as digitalization and sustainability, to remain relevant in a rapidly changing world. However, these challenges also present opportunities for innovation and collaboration. By leveraging technology, fostering partnerships, and advocating for supportive policies, cooperatives can overcome obstacles and drive positive change.

 

Future Prospects and Sustainable Development Goals

As the world continues to grapple with complex issues like poverty, inequality, and climate change, the role of cooperative movements becomes increasingly vital. The ICA aims to align its efforts with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create a more sustainable and inclusive future. By prioritizing goals such as poverty eradication, decent work and economic growth, gender equality, and climate action, cooperatives can contribute significantly to the global agenda for sustainable development.

 

Conclusion

The International Cooperative Alliance serves as a catalyst for collaboration, empowerment, and sustainable development. Through its advocacy, programs, and sector-specific initiatives, the ICA has demonstrated the transformative potential of cooperative enterprises. By embracing the cooperative model, communities can address social, economic, and environmental challenges effectively, fostering a more equitable and resilient world.

 

FAQs

1. What is the International Cooperative Alliance?

The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) is an organization that represents cooperative movements worldwide and works to promote their interests and values.

 

2. When was the ICA founded?

The ICA was founded in 1895 to facilitate collaboration among diverse cooperative organizations.

 

3. What are the key principles of cooperative movements?

Cooperative movements operate based on principles such as voluntary membership, democratic control, economic participation, autonomy, education, and concern for the community.

 

4. How does the ICA contribute to sustainable development?

The ICA contributes to sustainable development by empowering communities, promoting equality, and addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges through cooperative enterprises.

 

5. What are some sector-specific cooperatives?

Sector-specific cooperatives include agriculture cooperatives, financial cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, and worker cooperatives, each playing a unique role in their respective sectors.

 

6. What are the challenges faced by cooperative movements?

Cooperative movements face challenges such as limited access to capital, inadequate legal frameworks, and the need to adapt to evolving trends and technologies.

 

7. How can cooperatives contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals?

Cooperatives can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals by prioritizing objectives such as poverty eradication, decent work and economic growth, gender equality, and climate action.

 

8. How can I get involved in cooperative movements?

To get involved in cooperative movements, you can explore joining existing cooperatives, supporting cooperative initiatives, or advocating for cooperative-friendly policies in your community.

 

9. Are there any benefits of cooperative enterprises for marginalized communities?

Yes, cooperative enterprises provide marginalized communities with access to essential services, economic opportunities, and a platform for collective decision-making, empowering them to improve their livelihoods.

 

10. Where can I learn more about the International Cooperative Alliance?

You can learn more about the International Cooperative Alliance and its initiatives by visiting their official website or reaching out to local cooperative organizations in your region.

Thursday 22 June 2023

June 22, 2023 0


In today's rapidly evolving world, the significance of community development and sustainability cannot be overstated. Cooperatives play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable development within their communities. These organizations go beyond mere profit-making ventures, focusing on addressing local needs, promoting environmental sustainability, facilitating job creation, and contributing to the overall well-being of their communities. In this article, we delve into the profound impact of cooperatives on community development and highlight the essential initiatives they undertake to drive positive change.

 

Cooperatives: Champions of Social and Economic Well-being

Cooperatives embody a unique business model that places community welfare at the forefront of their operations. By operating as member-owned and democratically governed entities, cooperatives ensure that decision-making processes are inclusive, transparent, and representative of community interests. This cooperative spirit not only fosters a sense of belonging but also empowers individuals to actively participate in shaping their economic and social environment.

 

Addressing Local Needs for Environmental Sustainability

One of the core strengths of cooperatives lies in their ability to identify and address local needs, especially those related to environmental sustainability. Cooperatives across various sectors, including agriculture, energy, and consumer goods, have taken up the mantle of sustainable practices. By implementing eco-friendly production methods, reducing carbon footprints, and promoting renewable energy sources, these cooperatives contribute significantly to mitigating environmental challenges.

 

Job Creation: Empowering Communities through Employment

Cooperatives are renowned for their potential to generate employment opportunities, especially in regions with limited economic prospects. By prioritizing community development, cooperatives create jobs that align with local demands and skills. The cooperative structure allows for equitable distribution of profits among members and reinvestment in community-driven initiatives. This approach not only bolsters the local economy but also promotes social inclusivity and reduces income disparities.

 

Promoting Financial Inclusion and Empowerment

In addition to fostering environmental sustainability and job creation, cooperatives play a crucial role in promoting financial inclusion and empowerment within their communities. By providing accessible financial services, such as savings accounts, credit facilities, and microfinance options, cooperatives empower individuals who may have limited access to traditional banking services. This financial inclusion helps in uplifting the economic well-being of community members and paves the way for sustainable growth.

 

Community Development: Beyond Economic Impact

While cooperatives undoubtedly contribute to the economic growth of their communities, their impact extends far beyond financial aspects. Cooperatives act as catalysts for social cohesion, fostering a sense of unity and collective responsibility. Through various community development initiatives, such as educational programs, healthcare services, and cultural preservation projects, cooperatives enhance the overall quality of life within their communities.

 

Cooperatives: Agents of Positive Change

In a world grappling with complex challenges, cooperatives stand out as agents of positive change. By placing community welfare at the center of their operations, cooperatives drive sustainable development, address environmental concerns, create employment opportunities, promote financial inclusion, and enhance overall community well-being. Their collaborative and inclusive approach sets them apart, ensuring a brighter and more equitable future for generations to come.

Monday 19 June 2023

Enhancing the Cooperative Movement: The Power of Cooperation Among Cooperatives

June 19, 2023 0

Cooperation Among Cooperatives: Cooperatives actively cooperate with one another, both locally and globally. They promote the development of cooperative networks and engage in mutual support, knowledge sharing, and collaboration to strengthen the cooperative movement as a whole.


Cooperatives are more than just individual entities striving for success. They embody the spirit of cooperation, recognizing that collective efforts yield greater benefits for all members involved. Through cooperation among cooperatives, these organizations actively work together to achieve common goals, support one another, and foster a sense of unity within the cooperative movement.

The cooperative movement is founded on the principles of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, and solidarity. By actively cooperating with one another, cooperatives reinforce these principles and build a strong foundation for sustainable development. Whether at a local or global level, cooperation among cooperatives brings several advantages and opportunities for growth.

 

1. Strengthening Cooperative Networks

Cooperatives understand the power of networks. By actively cooperating with other cooperatives, they expand their reach and create stronger networks that can support and benefit their members. Through collaboration, cooperatives can share resources, knowledge, and expertise, ultimately enhancing their capacity to serve their members and communities.

Local cooperative networks can facilitate knowledge exchange, allowing cooperatives to learn from one another's successes and challenges. They can collaborate on joint initiatives, such as marketing campaigns, purchasing alliances, or community development projects, which may not be feasible for individual cooperatives alone. By pooling their resources and efforts, cooperatives can achieve collective goals that have a more significant impact on their communities.

At a global level, cooperation among cooperatives allows for the exchange of ideas, experiences, and best practices across borders. International cooperative networks enable cooperatives to learn from diverse cultural perspectives, adapt innovative approaches, and address common issues collectively. This global cooperation fosters solidarity among cooperatives worldwide, strengthening the cooperative movement as a united force for positive change.

 

2. Mutual Support and Assistance

Cooperation among cooperatives fosters a culture of mutual support and assistance. Recognizing that cooperation is not a zero-sum game, cooperatives willingly share their resources, knowledge, and experiences with one another. This collective support ensures that no cooperative is left behind and that all members have access to the necessary tools for success.

In times of crisis or hardship, cooperation among cooperatives becomes even more critical. Cooperatives can rally together to provide emergency aid, financial assistance, or technical expertise to support their fellow members facing challenges. This solidarity creates a safety net within the cooperative movement, ensuring that no cooperative stands alone and that everyone has a fair chance to thrive.

 

3. Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration

Cooperation among cooperatives promotes knowledge sharing and collaboration. Each cooperative possesses unique experiences and expertise that can benefit others within the movement. By sharing best practices, innovative ideas, and lessons learned, cooperatives can collectively elevate their performance and improve their impact on members and communities. 

Collaborative initiatives, such as joint training programs, research projects, or mentorship opportunities, enable cooperatives to tap into each other's strengths and capabilities. Through these collaborations, cooperatives can develop new skills, enhance their operational efficiency, and adapt to emerging trends more effectively. The collective knowledge and experience gained through cooperation contribute to the overall growth and sustainability of the cooperative movement.

 

4. Advocacy and Influence

Cooperation among cooperatives amplifies the voice and influence of the cooperative movement. By standing together, cooperatives can advocate for policies and regulations that support their shared interests. They can engage in dialogue with governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders to promote the unique contributions and benefits of cooperatives in various sectors.

Collaborative advocacy efforts can lead to favorable regulatory frameworks, increased funding opportunities, and a greater recognition of cooperatives' social and economic impact. Through cooperation, cooperatives can influence decision-making processes and shape the policies that affect their members and communities. This collective influence strengthens the position of cooperatives in the broader economy and society.

In conclusion, cooperation among cooperatives is a powerful force that drives the growth and sustainability of the cooperative movement. By actively cooperating with one another, cooperatives strengthen their networks, provide mutual support, foster knowledge sharing, and amplify their collective influence. The spirit of cooperation empowers cooperatives to overcome challenges, seize opportunities, and create a more inclusive and prosperous future for their members and communities.

Unlocking the Benefits of Cooperatives

June 19, 2023 0


In today's rapidly evolving world, education, training, and information are vital components for personal and professional growth. When it comes to fostering cooperation and reaping the benefits of collective efforts, cooperatives play a crucial role in providing these opportunities. In this article, we will explore how cooperatives offer education, training, and information to their members, employees, and the wider community. By disseminating knowledge and promoting cooperation, cooperatives contribute to sustainable development and empower individuals and communities.

 

1. The Importance of Education in Cooperatives

Education forms the foundation of cooperative principles and practices. Cooperatives recognize the significance of knowledge-sharing and continuous learning to strengthen their operations. By offering educational programs, workshops, and training sessions, cooperatives empower their members with the necessary skills and expertise to actively participate in decision-making processes and contribute to the cooperative's success. Education in cooperatives goes beyond technical know-how; it encompasses democratic governance, financial literacy, and sustainable business practices.

 

2. Training Opportunities for Members and Employees

Cooperatives prioritize the development of their members and employees by providing various training opportunities. These programs aim to enhance their professional skills, promote leadership qualities, and foster a cooperative mindset. From specialized workshops to management training, cooperatives invest in their human capital to ensure the growth and sustainability of their organizations. By equipping members and employees with valuable skills, cooperatives not only empower individuals but also strengthen the collective capacity of the cooperative movement.

 

3. Spreading Cooperative Knowledge to the Broader Community

Cooperatives believe in the power of information dissemination to build understanding and promote cooperation among the wider community. Through outreach programs, public awareness campaigns, and cooperative events, cooperatives strive to educate the public about the nature, benefits, and potential of cooperative enterprises. By sharing success stories, case studies, and best practices, cooperatives inspire individuals and communities to embrace cooperative principles and explore the possibilities of collective action.

 

4. Collaboration with Educational Institutions

To further reinforce the importance of education and training, many cooperatives collaborate with educational institutions, such as universities and vocational schools. These partnerships create mutually beneficial relationships where cooperatives gain access to research, innovation, and fresh perspectives, while educational institutions receive practical insights into cooperative models and practices. By bridging academia and real-world applications, cooperatives contribute to the advancement of cooperative studies and foster a future generation of cooperative leaders.

 

Conclusion

Education, training, and information lie at the heart of cooperatives' mission to empower individuals, build sustainable communities, and promote collective action. By offering comprehensive educational programs, training opportunities, and spreading cooperative knowledge, cooperatives create a supportive environment that nurtures personal and professional growth. Through their commitment to education and information sharing, cooperatives strengthen the cooperative movement, contributing to a more inclusive, equitable, and cooperative society. Embracing the power of education, training, and information, cooperatives pave the way for a brighter future built on cooperation and shared prosperity.